• M. Edmundo, Introdução à Lógica, author notes, 2013.
• R. Cori, D. Lascar, Mathematical Logic, Part I, Oxford University Press, 2000.
• E. Mendelson, Introduction to Mathematical Logic, Fourth Edition Champman & Hall/CRC 2001.
• Hanbook of Mathematical Logic, volume 90, edited by Jon Barwise, 1977.